Ku itariki ya 31 Ukwakira 1517, afite imyaka 34 y’amavuko, ni bwo Maritini Luteri (1483-1546), umupadiri wo mu muryango w’aba Ogustini, yamanitse amahame 95 (https://www.luther.de/en/95thesen.html) k’urugi rw’urusengero rw’I Wittenberg anenga imikorere itari myiza ya Kiliziya Gatolika y’i Roma. Wari umunsi usanzwe kuri Maritini Luteri, gusa yifuzaga ko ayo mahame asomwa n’abantu benshi kuko hari k’umunsi mukuru w’abatagatifu bose.

Muri iyo nyandiko ye ntabwo yemeraga ko umuntu ashobora kugura imbabazi z’Imana atanze umutungo we kugira ngo azabone ijuru. Kuri we, nta kiguzi kibaho cy’imbabazi z’Imana, kuko zibonwa na buri wese k’ubuntu. Yongeraho ko uwo kwizerwa no kwumvirwa ari Yesu Kristo gusa (Sola Christus). Ntabwo yifuje kwitandukanya na Kililiziya Gatolika y’i Roma, ahubwo yifuzaga ko habamo amavugururwa, ibintu bimwe bigahinduka. Kuri we, yumvaga ko Bibiliya ari yo yonyine ifite ubutware (Sola scriptura), umuntu agakizwa gusa n’ukwizera (Sola fide) ku bw’ubuntu butangwa n’Imana (Sola gratia). Biragaragara ko Maritini Luteri yari yaracengewe n’ibitekerezo bya mutagatifu Ogustini (340-430), kuko mu nyandiko ze amuvugamo inshuro 270. Ikindi ni uko Ogustini na we yemeraga ubutware bw’ijambo ry’Imana kuruta iry’ubuyobozi bwa Kiliziya.  Yemeraga kandi ko Imana yonyine ari yo ikiza umuntu ku bw’ubuntu bwayo. Iyo nyandiko ya Maritini Luteri abantu benshi barayisomye, amacapiro yari amaze igihe gito avutse, asohora iyo nyandiko ku bwinshi. Iyo nyandiko yakwirakwijwe mu gihugu cy’Ubudage, iza kugera n’i Roma.  Kugira ngo aticwa, Maritini Luteri yahungiye mu ngoro y’i Wartburg abifashijwemo na Frédéric III de Saxe. Kugira ngo kandi batamumenya yahinduye n’izina rye yiyita “Chevalier Georges”. Benshi baketse ko yapfuye cyangwa yahunze. Ari mu buhungiro yihishe, ni bwo yahinduye Isezerano rishya mu rurimi rw’ikidage, kugira ngo yaba umukene cyangwa umukire babashe kwisomera Bibiliya. Icyo gihe, ikidage rwari ururimi rutarasobanuka neza. Ubuhanga yakoresheje mu guhindura Bibiliya bwatumye ururimi rw’ikidage rukomera, rugira agaciro, rutangira gukoreshwa mu Budage no hanze yabwo.

Nyuma y’uko Maritini Luteri yanze kwivuguruza, kw’itariki ya 3 Mutarama 1521, Papa Léon X yamuciye muri Kiliziya Gatolika kuko yatinyutse kwigomeka k’ubuyobozi bwayo. Yaje gufatwa ashyikirizwa urukiko rw’i Worms ku itariki 18 Mata 1521 yongera gusabwa kwivuguruza ariko arabyanga. Mu mwaka wa 1525 yakoze ubukwe na Katherine de Bora babyarana abana batanu.

Aya mahame 95 yatumye abaturage b’Uburayi bacikamo ibice bibiri, abagatulika n’abaprotestani. Ibyo byatumye havuka intambara yamaze imyaka 30 kuva  mu 1618 kugeza mu 1648. Amateka avuga ko hashobora kuba harapfuye abantu barenga ibihumbi ijana. Abandi benshi barahunga. Bimwe mu bintu bibiri bikomeye byatumye abaprotestani bitandukanya na Kiliziya Gatolika batsimbarara ku myemerere ivuga ko:

-       Ijambo ry’IMANA ryonyine ryanditse muri Bibiliya ari ryo rigomba kugenga umuntu, n’icyubahiro kikaba icy’Imana gusa (Soli Deo Gloria),

-       Bemera amasakaramanto abiri gusa, ari yo Umubatizo n’Ifunguro Ryera. Iryo Funguro ryera rikaba ari ikimenyetso cyo kwibuka urupfu rwa Yesu.

Abaprotestani baje kwiremamo amatorero menshi atabarika (abaluteri, abaperesibiteriyeni, abanglikani, abametodiste, ababatista, abadivantiste, abapantikoti…) abenshi ubasanga muri Amerika, Uburayi bw’amajyaruguru, Aziya, Afrika, bose hamwe barenga miliyoni magana arindwi ku isi.

Umwanditsi:

 Dr MUNYANSANGA Olivier

Umwarimu muri PIASS