Indwara zo mu mutwe ni zimwe mu ndwara zibasiye miliyoni nyinshi z’abantu mu isi. Ni  indwara zigira ingaruka ku uzirwaye no ku bamwegereye haba mu muryango we cg se mu nshuti ze. Bavuga ko zimwe mu mpamvu zituma ziba nyinshi cyane ni uko abazirwaye akenshi batabimenya bigatuma bativuza kare, ababimenye nabo bagerageza kuzihisha ngo badahabwa akato n’abo bari kumwe.

Indwara zo mu mutwe ni iki?

Ni uburwayi umuntu agira bukagaragazwa no kudakora neza k’umubiri mu bice bitandukanye, haba ku bice bigaragara inyuma cg se ibitagaragarira amaso. Bavuga ko umuntu arwaye mu mutwe igihe adashobora kugenzura ibitekerezo bye, ibyiyumvo bye n’imyifatire ye. Uyirwaye akenshi ntabasha gushyikirana neza n’abandi  no gusohoza neza inshingano ze za buri munsi. Ariko kandi ntabwo indwara yo mu mutwe igirwa n’umunyangeso mbi cg umunyantege nke.

Iyo ndwara ishobora kwibasira abantu bose, abana, urubyiruko n’abakuze, yibasira kandi ibitsina byombi (igitsina gabo n’igitsina gore). 

Imbaraga n’ubukana igira biratandukana biterwa n’imiterere karemano y’umuntu uyirwaye, imimerere (situation) arimo, n’ubwoko bw’indwara arwaye. Indwara zo mu mutwe ni nyinshi ziratandukanye, bakunze kuvuga ko ari ibibazo bijyanye n’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe.

Kera abantu bafite ibibazo byo mu mutwe bavugaga ko bafite imyuka mibi (abadayimoni), bakabafata nk’inyamanswa bakabakubita cyane, bakazirikwa kandi bagafungiranwa. Muri iki gihe uretse abatarasobanukirwa, kugira uburwayi bwo mu mutwe ni ibintu bisanzwe kandi bishobora kuvurwa bigakira.

Abaganga b’inzobere mu bibazo byo mu mutwe babigabanyamo ibice bibiri:

1.    Ibibazo byo mu mutwe biterwa n’uko turemye (imiterere karemano): uturemangingo twacu tw’ubwonko tukaba dufite akavuyo, tudakorera neza mu murongo tugomba gukoreramo, ibyo bigatuma tubona ibintu bidahari kandi tukumva ibintu ntawe ubivuze,...

2.    Ibibazo byo mutwe biterwa n’imitekerereze, imibereho n’imibanire yacu n’abandi (biterwa n’ubuzima turimo cg twabayemo). Urugero: kuba wenyine, gutabwa, mbese ni ukuba mu bintu runaka bidasanzwe.

Zimwe mu ndwara zo mu mutwe n’ibiziranga:

Dépression nerveuse

Ni ugutakaza ako kanya (byihuse) cg se buhoro buhoro umurongo w’ubuzima. Umuntu wabonaga uyu munsi ndetse n’ejo hashize ameze neza, afite imbaraga, asabana n’abandi, yishimye muri we, akora imishinga ye n’iy’abandi, agahinduka agacika intege muri ibyo byose. Ugasanga nta kintu na kimwe agishaka, afite ibitekerezo bitamwubaka, bimwereka ko nta kintu gishoboka, ntacyo akimaze, ntacyo bimaze, ntacyo yageraho, … n’ibindi byinshi bimugaragaza nk’umuntu watsinzwe utagifite icyizere na gito. Ikintu cyose agerageje gukora kimusaba imbaraga nyinshi mu buryo budasanzwe kuko aba afite umunaniro udasanzwe mu bice byose by’umubiri ndetse no mu mutwe. Ntabwo ari ibintu bitangaje kuba wagira icyo kibazo (depression) nyuma yo guhura n’ikibazo runaka (gupfusha umuntu wawe ukunda, akazi kenshi cyane, ubushomeri, indwara ikomeye, …) hanyuma igihe kikazabikemura ukongera ukagarura ubuzima. Hari igihe biza byizanye nta mpamvu idasanzwe yabaye cg se habaye impamvu idasanzwe ariko ntibyikize ngo ugaruke mu buzima busanzwe ahubwo bigasaba ko wivuza kugira ngo ushobore gukira.

Délire

Ubundi mu ijambo nkomoko, délirer bivuga gusohoka mu murongo, mu yandi magambo ni ukuvuga kuva mu murongo ngenderwamo abantu bose bagombye gukurikiza. Bavuga ko umuntu afite ubwo burwayi (délire), igihe asa n’uri mu isi ye abandi bantu batarimo kandi batabona.  Uwo muntu mushobora guhura mu nzira arimo kuvuga ibintu biterekeranye, asa nk’aho ari kubwira abantu koko bamwumva kandi bamureba nawe abareba, akoresha ibimenyetso by’amaboko, wamuvugisha ukagira ngo ntakumva, ntakuvugishe cg se akakubwira ibitajyanye n’ibyo uvuze. Bamwe baba bamubona nk’usekeje,  abandi bakagira amatsiko yo kumenya impamvu ameze gutyo, abandi bakumva bamufitiye ubwoba. Delirer bivuga kudakora ibyo abandi bari gukora. Yego nibyo ntabwo abantu bose batekereza kimwe nta n’ubwo bakora kimwe ariko hari ibintu rusange abantu benshi basa n’aho bahuriraho.

Délire iterwa n’iki?

Ishobora guterwa no kugira umuriro mwinshi cyane, inzoga nyinshi, ibiyobyabwenge, gusa ishobora no kwizana yo ubwayo ibyo byose bitabayeho. Akenshi delire iherekezwa n’ibyo bita hallucinations.

Hallucinations

Ni ukubona umuntu aho atari (ukamubona wenyine uri kumwe n’abandi bo batamubona), kumva ijwi kandi nta muntu uvuze, kumva impumuro kandi  idahari. Akenshi ibyo bintu umuntu aba abona wenyine biba atari byiza cg se biteye ubwoba, akaba ari yo mpamvu abo bantu usanga bafite ubwoba cg se amahane (barwana).

Névrose

Névrose ni igihe umuntu afite ubwoba bwinshi kandi nta mpamvu, rimwe na rimwe akagira n’ubwoba bw’ibyo ari gutekereza atarabikora cg se atarabibona (urugero: ugasanga afite ubwoba bw’uko ari bukore cg se azakora akazi nabi, afite ubwoba bw’uko ari bukererwe, afite ubwoba bw’uko ari bwibagirwe kuzimya umuriro inzu igashya, afite ubwoba bw’uko azapfa nashaka umugabo cg umugore, …), ibyo bikangiza ubuzima bwe (bisa nk’aho byahindutse uburozi) ku buryo kumwereka mu buryo busanzwe ko nta bihari aba atabyumva neza. Iterambere ry’ubuvuzi muri iki gihe rivuga ko ari uburwayi bw’ubwoba. Bukaba buvurwa bitewe n’icyo ubwoba bwerekeyeho.

UKO ZIVURWA

Imyitwarire y’abantu muri rusange ndetse n’abaganga ku bantu bafite ibibazo byo mu mutwe (ari bo abenshi bakunda kwita abasazi) yarahindutse cyane kandi igenda itera imbere kurushaho.

Izo ndwara zishobora kuvurwa kandi zigakira iyo uvuwe n’umuganga wabyize kandi ubisobanukiwe.

Icyakora ibyo byose bigira akamaro iyo umurwayi ubwe abigizemo uruhare yemera kwivuza neza, gukurikiza amabwiriza ahabwa n’abaganga, kutiha akato kandi umuryango arimo ukabimufashamo.

Muri iki gihe hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo gufasha abantu bafite ibibazo byo mu mutwe, hari imiti bahabwa bakagaruka mu isi isanzwe bahozemo, ituma batuza, hari aho bavurirwa habigenewe abavuzi bagafasha umurwayi gukora imirimo inyuranye irimo iy’amaboko no kwidagadura nko gushushanya, gusiga amabara, kubyina, gukina imikino inyuranye,… bituma yongera kwisanisha no kugirana imibanire n’abo bari kumwe.

Twese hamwe duhagurikire kugira amakuru ku ndwara zo mutwe, tumenye kuzivuza hakiri kare zitaragera kure no kudaha akato abazirwaye.

Umwanditsi: NAHAYO Pélagie

IBYIFASHISHIJWE

https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/indwara/article/dore-ibimenyetso-byakwereka-ko-ufite-uburwayi-bwo-mu-mutwe

https://www.who.int/fr/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-disorders

https://www.jw.org/rw/isomero/amagazeti/g201412/indwara-zo-mu-mutwe/

Dr ROBERT JAININ, LE CORPS HUMAIN, 1975