Abantu benshi bakunze kugira ikibazo cyo gufungana mu mazuru. Bamwe babifata nk’ibintu bisanzwe ndetse bakavuga ko bidakira. Abandi bahora kwa muganga bivuza bagahabwa imiti ibafasha nyuma y’igihe gito bikagaruka. Nyamara ibyo ntibibangamira gusa ubifite, ahubwo bimubuza no guhumeka neza ndetse akanasinzira nabi. Bamwe bazi ko ari ibintu bidakira abandi bazi ko bishobora kwirindwa. Wakora iki kugira ngo ibyo bigabanuke cg ngo bishire utagombye guhora ufata imiti?

IMIKORERE Y’AMAZURU N’AKAMARO KAYO

Umuntu ashobora guhumeka litiro zigera ku bihumbi cumi na bitanu z’umwuka (15,000 l) ku munsi. Uwo mwuka uba ufite imyanda na mikorobe nyinshi ariko ubwirinzi bw’umubiri bufite ubushobozi bwo kubikuramo mu kanya gato cyane ukoresheje amazuru.

Akamaro k’amazuru mu nzira z’ubuhumekero ni ukuyungurura umwuka duhumeka. Imbere mu mazuru habamo  ururenda n’ubwoya bushinzwe gusukura umwuka winjira mu bihaha.

Urwo rurenda rutangira imyanda yose yinjiranye n’umwuka nk’umukungugu, mikorobe z’ubwoko bwose, ubibuza kwinjira mu bihaha. Iyo amazuru amaze kuwuyungurura, arawushyushya, akawubobeza bityo ukinjira mu bice by’imbere cyane  bigize inzira z’ubuhumekero, uhehereye bikarinda ibyo bice kumagara no kwangirika.

Iyo ibyo bidakunze kuwuyungurura nk’uko bigomba, abasirikare bashinzwe kurinda umubiri bihutira kuza ari benshi mu miyoboro y’amaraso yo mu mazuru, baje guhangana n’iyo myanda iri mu mwuka, nayo ikabyimba. Kubyimba kw’iyo miyoboro bishobora no gufunga inzira z’ubuhumekero. Gufungana kw’amazuru ntabwo guterwa n’ibimyira byinshi biri mu mazuru ahubwo guterwa no kubyimba k’ururenda ruba mu mazuru nabyo byatewe no kubyimba kw’iyo miyoboro y’amaraso kuko abasirikare bashaka kubuza imyanda kujya mu bihaha.

Bimwe mu bitera gufungana mu mazuru ni:

·       allergies (aleriji) ituruka ku bintu bitandukanye, utuntu dutumuka tuva mu myenda, ku bwoya bw’inyamanswa n’ibindi

·       ibibazo bijyanye n’amarangamutima

·       igihe uri kurya

·       ivumbi

·       ihinduka ry’ikirere imvura iri hafi kugwa cg iri guhituka hagiye kuza igihe cy’izuba

·       igihe runaka cy’umwero w’ibintu bimwe na bimwe mu mwaka

·       imiterere karemano

Ibimenyetso bya allergie:

Kwitsamura;

Gufungana mu mazuru;

Kutumva impumuro;

Ibimyira byinshi byizana;

gushima amazuru, mu maso, mu matwi, mu mihogo;

Ibitera allergie bishobora kuba ibintu bihoraho cg se bikaza bitewe n’igihe runaka kiriho.

Itandukaniro ryo gufungana (rhinite) na sinusite

Mu buvuzi hari icyo bita inflammation. Ni igihe ahantu runaka ku gice cy’umubiri habyimbye, hatukura ndetse hakubabaza. Ikintu cyose gituma mu mazuru hazamo inflammation, ibyo bitera icyo bita rhinite (rhinitis). Iyo uruhu cg ubuhehere bwo mu mazuru bufite ikibazo, ibyo bituma ufungana mu mazuru. (Rhinite, rhinitis). Ibyo kandi bitandukanye n’icyo bita sinusite (sinusitis) yo ni igihe imyenge yo mu mazuru (sinus) no hagati y’amaso, ifite inflammation.

Iyo urwaye ibicurane bavuga ko ufite rhinite (rhinitis) ariko y’igihe gito.

Allergie itera rhinite nayo igatera sinusite ariko sinusite ntabwo itera allergie.

Sinisute ni ukurwara kwa sinus (inflammation ya sinus) yo ntabwo ihererekanywa kuko ni uburwayi buza kuko sinus zirwaye ariko rhinite iterwa na allergie yo ishobora guhererekanywa.

Akenshi abantu bafite allergie ibatera gufungana mu mazuru bagira n’ibibazo byo guhumeka bagasemeka ku buryo bashobora no kugira asima (asthme) ituruka kuri iyo allergie.

Niba ufite inflammation mu myenge yo mu mazuru bituma utwenge dufasha amazuru kuvanamo imyanda isohoka hanze tuziba. Ibyo bintu iyo bidasohotse biba umwanda bikagira infection (imfegisiyo) bikaba byabyara sinusite (sinusitis). Niyo mpamvu abantu bakunda kugira ibibazo bya allergie bafungana mu mazuru, akenshi uburwayi bwabo bukura bubyara sinusite, ibibyimba byo mu mazuru, nabyo bikazavamo kurwara asima (asthme).

Iyo asima iterwa n’uko iyo wafunganye mu mazuru bituma uhumekera mu kanwa, iyo uhumekera mu kanwa umwuka winjira mu bihaha, utayunguruye, udashyuhije kandi utabobereye ka kazi gakorwa n’amazuru. Ibihaha bitangira gukora akazi k’amazuru bigatuma binanirwa ugatangira gusemeka aribyo bikunze kwitwa asima.

Igihe gufungana bimara bitewe n’impamvu yabiteye:

1.     Allergies: gufungana bimara ibyumweru bine cg bigahoraho

2.     Ibicurane: gufungana bimara hagati y’iminsi 5 -10

3.     Sinusite:  gufungana bishobora kugera ku mezi 3 cg bigahoraho

4.     Imiterere y’amazuru: bihoraho

INAMA ZAGUFASHA GUFUNGUKA AMAZURU

1.     Kumenya kwipfuna

Iyo ufite amazuru yafunganye, uhita ushaka kwipfuna kugira ngo ushobore guhumeka. Iyo ukomeje gushyiramo ingufu ngo hafunguke ushobora gutuma mu mazuru hava amaraso (kuva imyuna), infection ya sinus (sinusite), ibyo bigatuma birushaho kuba bibi kurushaho. Kwipfuna buri kanya nabyo bituma ururenda rw’imbere mu mazuru rusa n’urubyimba, ibyo nabyo bigatuma ukomeza gufungana kurushaho.

Uburyo bwiza bwo gusohora urwo rurenda ni ukwipfuna usa n’uhanagura amazuru buhoro, udasohora umwuka ukoresheje imbaraga, ugakoresha mouchoirs (mushwari) zoroshye kandi ukazikoresha inshuro imwe gusa, kugira ngo wirinde ikwirakwira rya mikorobe no kwangiza uruhu rwo mu mazuru.

2.     Kunywa amazi ibirahuri 6-8 by’amazi ku munsi

Kunywa amazi ahagije bituma ururenda rworoha bigafasha umubiri kurwanya infection. Amazi ategetswe ku munsi, ashobora kuba menshi cg make bitewe n’umuntu  icy’ingenzi ni uko utagomba kugera mu gihe wumva ufite inyota, ukanywa amazi menshi kurusha ayo usanzwe unywa uri muzima.

3.     Korohereza sinus

Gushyira agatambaro gashyushye ku matama hagana ku mazuru no ku gahanga kugira ngo ugabanye ibimeze nk’igitutu kiri muri sinus. Ukoresheje amazi y’akazuyazi, ubikora inshuro nyinshi zishoboka.  

4.     Kongera ubuhehere bw’umwuka uri guhumeka

Niba izuru ryumagaye, rikubabaza, umwuka ushyushye utuma urushaho kumererwa nabi kurushaho. Ni byiza kongera umwuka ufutse w’aho uherereye cyane cyane nijoro.

Uburyo bworoshye ni ugukoresha ibyuma bituma umwuka uhehera, ushobora no gukoresha uburyo bwo gushyushya amazi mu isafuriya iminota nk’icumi cg se ugakaraba amazi ashyushye.

5.     Gukoresha imiti ifungura amazu

Igihe wafunganye ushobora gukoresha imiti ifungura mu mazuru kuko bituma imyenge yo mu mazuru ifunguka bikagabanya inflammation.

Ariko ikiba cyiza kurushaho ni ugusukura ururenda rwo mu mazuru ukoresheje amazi ateguye arimo umunyu (serum physiologique), imiti iterwa mu mazuru irimo umunyu igurwa muri pharmacie, ukubahiriza amabwiriza uhabwa n’abaganga. Ugomba kwirinda koza mu mazuru buri kanya kuko bishobora kuhangiza.

6.     Gukoresha pomade cg amavuta yabigenewe

Amavuta yabigenewe ubundi ntabwo afungura amazuru ahubwo yoroshya uburyo bwo guhumeka. Ushobora gushyira mu mazi yo gukaraba  udutonyanga duke twa huile de menthe, eucalyptus (inturusi), camphre cg se ukabihumeka. Pomade basiga mu gatuza nazo zirafasha.

Ku bagore batwite n’abantu bagira allergie, si byiza gukoresha iyo miti utayihawe na muganga, kuko ishobora kukugiraho ingaruka mbi.

7.     Kugisha inama abaganga cg abacuruza imiti

Imiti ifungura mu nzira z’ubuhumekero ni myinshi kandi ikoreshwa bitewe n’impamvu wafunganye. Hari ikoreshwa mu gihe cy’ibicurane bisanzwe, hari ikoreshwa kubera allergie, …

Iyo miti iba ifite n’ingaruka zitandukanye ku buzima, nko gusinzira, ibibazo by’umutima, gucika intege, …

Igihe wafunganye mu mazuru, ushobora gusaba inama abaganga cg abacuruza imiti (pharmacien) kugira ngo bagufashe guhitamo umuti ujyanye n’ikibazo ufite.

8.     Kujya kwa muganga igihe ibimenyetso bikomeje

Igihe ufunganye amazuru bikarenga iminsi 10 nta gihindutse ugomba kwivuza. Umuganga akurikije ibimenyetso ufite niwe ushobora kumenya indwara ufite iyo ari yo cg  akamenya aho akuyobora ngo bagufashe.

Ubundi gufungana mu mazuru abenshi babifata nk’aho ntacyo bitwaye nyamara niba bimaze iminsi irenze 15 ugomba kwihutira kwivuza igihe:

·       uhora ufunganye izuru rimwe gusa

·       Izuru ritangira rifungana buhoro buhoro bikagenda byiyongera

·       Uva imyuna mu mazuru cg hasohokamo utuntu tw’utubumbe buri gihe

·       Uhora uzana ibimyira mu mazuru kandi ukababara umutwe

·       Utagishobora kumva impumuro kandi ukaba utajya ufunguka amazuru

·       Ubyimba amaso, akakubabaza ugatangira kunanirwa kureba

·       Ubabara umutwe n’amenyo

Wakora iki nijoro?

Gufungana mu mazuru bikunda kuza mu gihe cya nijoro cyane ndetse bikaba byakubuza gusinzira neza. Ibi bishobora kugufasha ubikoze mbere yo kuryama:

kunywa ibishyushye mbere yo kuryama

koza mu mazuru cg kwiyuka

gufata umuti w’umuriro igihe uwufite cg uw’ububabare

gukoresha ibituma umwuka uhehera

Kuryama nijoro usa n’uweguye umutwe kugirango bigufashe guhumeka neza.

Icyo wafasha umwana uri munsi y’amezi 18 ufunganye amazuru

Abana bari munsi y’amezi 18 ntibaba bazi kwipfuna ibyo bituma bahora bafunganye amazuru.

Ushobora kumufasha ukoresheje serum physiologique ukurikije inama wagiriwe n’umuganga w’abana;

Ugomba kumuha ibyo kunywa bihagije kugira ngo atagira umwuma;

Kubobeza umwuka w’aho aryamye;

Kumuha umuti w’ububabare n’uw’umuriro ukurikije urugero agomba gufasha.

Ni gute wakwirinda gufungana amazuru?

Kwirinda biruta kwivuza, ugomba gufata ingamba zose zikubuza gufungana zirimo:

Kwirinda ibintu byose bigutera allergie nk’impumuro y’ibintu ibyo ari byo byose (imibavu, indabo, …), ubwoya bw’inyamanswa, ivumbi ukora isuku mu nzu yawe;

kumenya ibiribwa urya bikagutera gufungana no kubyirinda;

kureka umwuka ukinjira mu nzu neza ufungura amadirishya;

Gukaraba intoki buri gihe wirinda gukwirakwiza mikorobe mu mazuru;

Koza amazuru ukoresha serum physiologique (amazi ateguwe arimo umunyu) kugira ngo ukuremo imyanda;

Guhumeka umwuka usukuye no kwirinda ubukonje;

Kongera ubwirinzi bw’umubiri bukurinda indwara zo mu buhumekero, urya indyo yuzuye, uruhuka bihagije unakora imyitozo ngorora mubiri;

Gukurikiza inama uhabwa n’abaganga, niba ugira rhinite na sinusite bihoraho no gufata imiti uko bikwiye;

Kwirinda umwuka uhumanye nk’imyotsi, ibinyabutabire n’ibindi byose byatuma ufungana amazuru

Umwanditsi: NAHAYO Pelagie 

IBYIFASHISHIJWE

https://www.livi.fr/en-bonne-sante/nez-bouche/

https://www.vidal.fr/maladies/nez-gorge-oreilles/rhinite-allergique-rhume-foins.html