Umwana ni ejo hazaza h’igihugu, agomba kwitabwaho no gutozwa ibizamufasha gutsinda amasomo ye. Kugira ngo umwana atsinde neza biterwa n’uruhurirane (combination) rw’ibintu bitandukanye bituruka cyane cyane ku mubyeyi, ku mwalimu no ku bushake bw’umwana. Aba bantu uko ari batatu bagomba guhuza bakajya inama. Buri wese agakora inshingano ze mu bwubahane n’ikinyabupfura. Hakorwa iki? Hari ibintu bine by’ibanze bigomba kwitabwaho by’umwihariko kugira ngo umwana w’umunyeshuri abashe gutsinda neza mw’ishuri.

1.     Kwandika no gusoma

Abarimu, ababyeyi n’abanyeshuri bakwiye kumenya ko nta kizasimbura kwandika no gusoma kugira ngo ubwenge bwa buri wese bwiyongere. Gusoma no kwandika ni ryo banga rya mbere, ni wo musingi w’imyigire yose, gutsinda amasomo no kugira ubumenyi buhamye. Gusoma no kwandika bituma ubwonko budasinzira ngo busaze imburagihe. REB ivuga ko gusoma no kwandika ari yo ntwaro yo kugera ku burezi bufite ireme mu Rwanda.

Ababyeyi bose bifuriza abana babo kuzagira ubuzima, niyo mpamvu babajyana ku ishuri kugira ngo bajijuke bazashobore kwibeshaho. Kugira ngo umwana atsinde neza agomba kuba azi kwandika no gusoma. N’imibare kugira ngo uyitsinde neza ni uko ubanza gusoma neza kugira ngo usobanukirwe ikibazo kibazwa.

2.     Isuku

Isuku ni isoko y’ubuzima bwiza, ni ikintu cy’ibanze kuri buri wese mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Isuku y’umwana ni ingenzi haba ku ishuri no mu rugo. Isuku y’umwana yo ku mubiri no ku myambaro ituma imitekerereze n’imyumvire bye bizamuka. Iyo ni imwe mu mpamvu igomba kwitabwaho mu buryo bugaragara.

Kwiyuhagira, koza amenyo, gusokoza, gukaraba intoki avuye mu bwiherero, mbere na nyuma yo kurya, kwiyogosha, kwambara imyenda imeshe buri munsi bituma umwana yiyumva neza. Kugirira umwana isuku bimurinda indwara zitandukanye, akiga neza atarwaragurika bityo ntasibe ishuri inshuro nyinshi.

Kugira ubwiherero bufite isuku ku ishuri no mu rugo ni ingenzi mu mitsindire y’umwana. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje inshuro nyinshi ko abantu ari bo bikururira indwara zandura kubera umwanda. Ikigaragara ni uko kugira isuku bishobora no kurinda umuntu urupfu.

3.     Kugira umwanya wo gusubira mu masomo

Umubyeyi aba  agomba gufasha umwana gushyiraho gahunda ihoraho ikaba umuco n’akamenyero ku buryo umwana amenya ko igihe avuye ku ishuri agomba kwicara ahantu hatari urusaku, agasubiramo amasomo, agakora imikoro yahawe ku ishuri kandi bigakorwa ku isaha yagenwe. Biba byiza umwana ubwe yishyiriyeho gahunda y’uko azajya asubiramo amasomo ye. Iyo umwana asubiramo buri somo yiga, bimufasha guteza imbere kubahiriza gahunda, ubunyangamugayo n’ikinyabupfura, bigatuma akura atsinda neza amasomo. Kugira ngo umwana abashe gutsinda neza, asabwa kwitoza umuco wo guhora asubiramo amasomo ye. Imikoro cyangwa imyitozo umunyeshuri ahabwa, imufasha gusubiramo ibyo yize, gushimangira ubumenyi kandi ikamutoza gukoresha igihe neza no gukemura ibibazo yisanzuye kandi yigenga.

4.     Guhana amakuru y’umwana hagati y’umwalimu n’umubyeyi

Gusura kenshi umwana ku ishuri no kuganira n’abarezi bituma bakosora ibibazo by’imyitwarire cyangwa by’imyigire y’umwana hakiri kare. Guhana amakuru bigomba guhoraho nta burangare bubayeho kugira ngo ibitagenda neza ku mpande zose uko ari eshatu bikosorwe. Ntabwo umubyeyi akwiye guhabwa amakuru arebana n’ibibi umwana yakoze gusa, ahubwo n’igihe yakoze neza bigomba kumenyekana haba mu rugo no ku ishuri.

Iyo hatabayeho inama no guhana amakuru hagati y’abo bantu batatu, ntabwo ireme ry’uburezi ryagerwaho. Igikorwa cyo guhana amakuru ntabwo kigomba kuba ihangana ryo kwiregura no kwerekana amakosa y’umwana.

Mu gusoza, kugira ngo umunyeshuri atsinde neza, biramusaba gahunda ihamye, kwitanga no gukoresha uburyo bwiza bwo gusubiramo ibyo yize. Kugira ngo agere ku ntego ye, ni ngombwa gutega neza amatwi mw’ishuri, gutegura neza umwanya wo gusubiramo ibyo yize atuje no gusaba ubufasha igihe cyose hari icyo adasobanukiwe. Abayeyi n’abarimu bagomba guhora bagira umwana inama, yo kutagira isoni zo kubaza umwalimu cyangwa umubyeyi icyo atumva cyose. “Ukura utabaza, ugasaza utamenye”

Ibindi wa kwisomera

1) Quels facteurs influencent la reussite scolaire, https://www.challengeu.ca/blogue/quels-facteurs-influencent-la-reussite-scolaire                                                                                                    

2) Facteurs qui influencent la reussite scolaire, https://reussiteaplus.com/facteurs-qui-influencent-reussite-scolaire/                                                                                                                               

3) NCDA, Imfashanyigisho iyobora ababyeyi kugira isuku no kwita ku bana bato, https://www.ncda.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/NDCA/Publications/Guidelines/Imfashanyigisho_ziyobora_ababyeyi_-_Kinyarwanda/Kwigisha_ababyeyi_kugira_isuku_no_kwita_ku_bana_babo.pdf                                              

4) Kwizera Jean de Dieu, Inkingi 3 z’ingenzi ku munyeshuri ushaka gutsinda amasomo ye neza mu ishuri, https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/inkingi-3-zingenzi-ku-munyeshuri-ushaka-gutsinda-amasomo-ye-neza-mu-ishuri-123141                                                                          

5) Munyansanga Olivier, Promoting early relevant learning at primary education level, https://cbn.rw/article/269/promoting-early-relevant-learning-at-primary-education-level-by-dr-ndayizeye-munyansanga-olivier-phd-university-of-geneva-lecturer-at-protestant-university-of-rwanda-                                                                                                                                

6) Munyansanga Olivier, Impano karemano y’umwana wawe n’iyihe? https://cbn.rw/article/327/impano-karemano-y-umwana-wawe-n-iyihe-                                                            

7) Munyansanga Olivier, Ireme ry’uburezi rihera mu nda rigakomereza mu muryango -bimwe mu byakwitabwaho mu Rwanda, UMUSEKE.RW